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INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS

LAW & POLICY NEWSLETTER

03 April 2025

LAW & POLICY NEWSLETTER

03 April 2025

Complying with IHL in large-scale conflicts: key preparedness measures

Complying with IHL in large-scale conflicts: key preparedness measures

Destruction and rubble in a residential area following large-scale conflict

As states increasingly focus on strengthening their defense capabilities, discussions on military preparedness are gaining prominence, particularly in relation to large-scale conflicts. Such conflicts, involving major powers, advanced weaponry, and extensive resources, would unfold with considerable intensity, scale, and tempo. The humanitarian consequences would be far-reaching and severe, potentially causing mass casualties, mass displacement, and the disruption of essential services. The Geneva Conventions, adopted in the aftermath of two world wars, were designed precisely to help mitigate the suffering in armed conflict. Yet ratification alone is not enough: for these rules to be upheld in practice, extensive legal and operational preparations must begin in times of peace.


This introductory post sets the stage for a new series examining the steps needed to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law (IHL) in large-scale conflicts. Isabelle Gallino, ICRC Prevention Adviser, and Sylvain Vité, ICRC Senior Legal Adviser, argue that states must do more than recognize their legal obligations. Applicable rules must be understood, internalized, and backed by legal and practical measures today if they are to be effective once an armed conflict erupts. Ultimately, failure to prepare can undermine even the best-intentioned efforts to comply with IHL.

As states increasingly focus on strengthening their defense capabilities, discussions on military preparedness are gaining prominence, particularly in relation to large-scale conflicts. Such conflicts, involving major powers, advanced weaponry, and extensive resources, would unfold with considerable intensity, scale, and tempo. The humanitarian consequences would be far-reaching and severe, potentially causing mass casualties, mass displacement, and the disruption of essential services. The Geneva Conventions, adopted in the aftermath of two world wars, were designed precisely to help mitigate the suffering in armed conflict. Yet ratification alone is not enough: for these rules to be upheld in practice, extensive legal and operational preparations must begin in times of peace.


This introductory post sets the stage for a new series examining the steps needed to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law (IHL) in large-scale conflicts. Isabelle Gallino, ICRC Prevention Adviser, and Sylvain Vité, ICRC Senior Legal Adviser, argue that states must do more than recognize their legal obligations. Applicable rules must be understood, internalized, and backed by legal and practical measures today if they are to be effective once an armed conflict erupts. Ultimately, failure to prepare can undermine even the best-intentioned efforts to comply with IHL.

READ OR LISTEN
READ OR LISTEN

🚨 On International Day for Mine Awareness 

🚨 On International Day for Mine Awareness 

It has been 26 years since the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention (APMBC) came into force. Since then, many landmines have been destroyed and declared off-limits by certain states. However, numerous countries and territories continue to feel the devastating legacy of explosive remnants.

 

As we observe the International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action on 4 April, we take this opportunity to reaffirm the global commitment enshrined in the APMBC. The pursuit of security for one must never come at the expense of another.

 

May this day serve not only as a moment of reflection, but also as a renewed call to action toward a mine-free world. Explore real-life case studies of respect for IHL that have led to demining through IHL in Action.

    Broken Chair Image

    It has been 26 years since the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention (APMBC) came into force. Since then, many landmines have been destroyed and declared off-limits by certain states. However, numerous countries and territories continue to feel the devastating legacy of explosive remnants.

     

    As we observe the International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action on 4 April, we take this opportunity to reaffirm the global commitment enshrined in the APMBC. The pursuit of security for one must never come at the expense of another.

     

    May this day serve not only as a moment of reflection, but also as a renewed call to action toward a mine-free world. Explore real-life case studies of respect for IHL that have led to demining through IHL in Action.

      Broken Chair Image

      In one of our recent articles, "Anti-Personnel Mines: The False Promise of Security Through Exceptionalism in War," ICRC Chief Legal Officer Cordula Droege and Legal Adviser Maya Brehm argue that attempts to justify or walk back commitments to the APMBC not only ignore the lived consequences of landmines but also undermine the foundations of international humanitarian law. 📝 Now available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Arabic.

        In one of our recent articles, "Anti-Personnel Mines: The False Promise of Security Through Exceptionalism in War," ICRC Chief Legal Officer Cordula Droege and Legal Adviser Maya Brehm argue that attempts to justify or walk back commitments to the APMBC not only ignore the lived consequences of landmines but also undermine the foundations of international humanitarian law. 📝 Now available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Arabic.

          📘 ICRC’s Demining Publication

          📘 ICRC’s Demining Publication

          Publication Cover

          Cross-Border Humanitarian Demining: Frameworks and Key Issues for Border Mined-Area Clearance

           

          This guide is intended to advance the clearance of landmines from border areas where political will exists. It aims to inform both affected and donor states about a range of approaches and frameworks for planning and implementing cross-border or near-border demining activities.

           

          The publication also identifies key considerations for ensuring effective and efficient implementation, drawing on existing practices in humanitarian mine action, as well as methodologies from infrastructure projects and complex change programmes.

          Cross-Border Humanitarian Demining: Frameworks and Key Issues for Border Mined-Area Clearance

           

          This guide is intended to advance the clearance of landmines from border areas where political will exists. It aims to inform both affected and donor states about a range of approaches and frameworks for planning and implementing cross-border or near-border demining activities.

           

          The publication also identifies key considerations for ensuring effective and efficient implementation, drawing on existing practices in humanitarian mine action, as well as methodologies from infrastructure projects and complex change programmes.

          Download The Guide
          Download The Guide

          📌 In Case You Missed It

          📌 In Case You Missed It

          Destructed hospital due to armed conflict

          Hospitals under fire: legal and practical challenges to strengthened protection

          This first article on Emerging Voice series examines patterns of attacks on hospitals, the legal frameworks meant to protect them, and the urgent need for stronger compliance mechanisms.

          Destructed hospital due to armed conflict

          Hospitals under fire: legal and practical challenges to strengthened protection

          This first article on Emerging Voice series examines patterns of attacks on hospitals, the legal frameworks meant to protect them, and the urgent need for stronger compliance mechanisms.

          Green forest covered in mist

          Environmental destruction in conflict: broadening accountability in war

          Explore how environmental destruction in armed conflict remain an issue and how refining legal definitions could strengthen prosecution under international law.

          Green forest covered in mist

          Environmental destruction in conflict: broadening accountability in war

          Explore how environmental destruction in armed conflict remain an issue and how refining legal definitions could strengthen prosecution under international law.

          Image of ongoing diplomatic meeting

          Anchoring protection: Islamic law contributions to the development of the 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions

          Revisit the historical contributions of Islamic law by delegates from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Syria, highlighted during the Diplomatic Conference that led to the adoption of the 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions. 

          Image of ongoing diplomatic meeting

          Anchoring protection: Islamic law contributions to the development of the 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions

          Revisit the historical contributions of Islamic law by delegates from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Syria, highlighted during the Diplomatic Conference that led to the adoption of the 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions. 

          🔗 Connect Through Our LinkedIn

          🔗 Connect Through Our LinkedIn

          linkedin Showcase page

          We are pleased to announce the launch of a dedicated LinkedIn Page: ICRC Humanitarian Law and Policy. This new space serves as a hub for thought leadership on IHL and the evolving policies shaping humanitarian action.

           

          Follow us to stay informed on IHL discussion and discover new resources that can help you stay connected to global IHL conversation.

          Discover our page

          We’re also excited to share that ICRC content is now available in Spanish and Portuguese on dedicated LinkedIn pages.

          linkedin Showcase page

          We are pleased to announce the launch of a dedicated LinkedIn Page: ICRC Humanitarian Law and Policy. This new space serves as a hub for thought leadership on IHL and the evolving policies shaping humanitarian action.

           

          Follow us to stay informed on IHL discussion and discover new resources that can help you stay connected to global IHL conversation.

          Discover our page

          We’re also excited to share that ICRC content is now available in Spanish and Portuguese on dedicated LinkedIn pages.

          Explore in Spanish
          Explore in Portuguese
          Explore in Spanish
          Explore in Portuguese

          💡 In the Spotlight

          💡 In the Spotlight

          IHL App Logo

          IHL at Your Fingertips 

          Access 120+ treaties, Commentaries, and IHL resources, online or offline, with the ICRC’s updated IHL App. Now faster and more reliable (v3.1.1), download now from AppStore, Microsoft, or Google Play.

          IHL App Logo

          IHL at Your Fingertips 

          Access 120+ treaties, Commentaries, and IHL resources, online or offline, with the ICRC’s updated IHL App. Now faster and more reliable (v3.1.1), download now from AppStore, Microsoft, or Google Play.

          IRRC No. 927: IHL and Peace

          IRRC No. 927: IHL and Peace

          Some rules of IHL are applicable in peacetime, while others persist beyond the cessation of hostilities. This recently published issue of the Review examines the intricate relationship between IHL and peace. The contributions featured in this issue reveal that this relationship is far more nuanced and multi-dimensional than it might initially appear.

          IRRC No. 927: IHL and Peace

          IRRC No. 927: IHL and Peace

          Some rules of IHL are applicable in peacetime, while others persist beyond the cessation of hostilities. This recently published issue of the Review examines the intricate relationship between IHL and peace. The contributions featured in this issue reveal that this relationship is far more nuanced and multi-dimensional than it might initially appear.

          ICRC Vice President Dr. Gilles Carbonnier delivering speech in Oman

          Strengthening Respect for IHL: Building on Commonalities with Islamic Law

          Revisit this powerful speech by ICRC Vice President Dr. Gilles Carbonnier. Delivered in Oman, it highlights the shared values between Islamic law and IHL. It calls for stronger global commitment to protect humanity in war.

          ICRC Vice President Dr. Gilles Carbonnier delivering speech in Oman

          Strengthening Respect for IHL: Building on Commonalities with Islamic Law

          Revisit this powerful speech by ICRC Vice President Dr. Gilles Carbonnier. Delivered in Oman, it highlights the shared values between Islamic law and IHL. It calls for stronger global commitment to protect humanity in war.

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          For the millions of people in countries reliant on humanitarian assistance, greater support is desperately needed to save lives and avert further suffering. You can help the people you are reading about.

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          For the millions of people in countries reliant on humanitarian assistance, greater support is desperately needed to save lives and avert further suffering. You can help the people you are reading about.

          DONATE

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